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Assessment of waste oyster shells and coal mine drainage sludge for the stabilization of As-, Pb-, and Cu-contaminated soil

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Abstract

A novel treatment mix was designed for the simultaneous immobilization of As, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soils using natural (waste oyster shells (WOS)) and industrial (coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS)) waste materials. The treatments were conducted using the standard U.S. sieve size no. 20 (0.85 mm) calcined oyster shells (COS) and CMDS materials with a curing time of 1 and 28 days. The As immobilization treatments were evaluated using the 1-N HCl extraction fluid, whereas the Pb and Cu immobilization treatments were evaluated using the 0.1-N HCl extraction fluid based on the Korean leaching standards. The treatment results showed that the immobilization of As, Cu, and Pb was best achieved using a combination mix of 10 wt% COS and 10 wt% CMDS. This treatment mix was highly effective leading to superior leachability reductions for all three target contaminants (>93 % for As and >99 % for Cu and Pb) for a curing period of 28 days. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) results showed that As was present in the form of As(V) in the control sample and that no changes in As speciation were observed following the COS-CMDS treatments. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) sample treated with 10 wt% COS and 10 wt% CMDS indicated that As immobilization may be associated with the formation of Ca–As and Fe–As precipitates while Pb and Cu immobilization was most probably linked to calcium silicate hydrates (CSHs) and calcium aluminum hydrates (CAHs).

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment as the GAIA (Geo-Advanced Innovative Action) project (no. 2014000540011). The authors would like to thank the members of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Republic of Korea for their integral help with XANES analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea

    Deok Hyun Moon & Kyung Hoon Cheong

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA

    Agamemnon Koutsospyros

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea

    Yoon-Young Chang

  4. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Seunghun Hyun

  5. Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea

    Yong Sik Ok

  6. Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea

    Jeong-Hun Park

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  1. Deok Hyun Moon
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  2. Kyung Hoon Cheong
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  3. Agamemnon Koutsospyros
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  4. Yoon-Young Chang
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  5. Seunghun Hyun
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  6. Yong Sik Ok
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  7. Jeong-Hun Park
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Correspondence to Jeong-Hun Park.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Moon, D.H., Cheong, K.H., Koutsospyros, A. et al. Assessment of waste oyster shells and coal mine drainage sludge for the stabilization of As-, Pb-, and Cu-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 2362–2370 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5456-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5456-9

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